HSE 08 23: Emergency Preparedness and Response for
LOPA (16-20 March 2009)
Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) – The Semi-Quantitative Approach to Risk Assessment. (5 Days)
Recommended prerequisites:
Attendees should have strong technical skills and prior training in qualitative hazard evaluation techniques; prior completion of a HIRAC DC, HBTA or PHA or equivalent is highly recommended.
Are proposed or existing combinations of safeguards enough to prevent an accident or mitigate the consequences? Do you perceive that doing a fully quantitative risk assessment (QRA) would be over-working the problem? Then Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is the new tool you need to learn.
LOPA combines both qualitative and quantitative elements of hazard evaluation and risk assessment to analyze and judge the adequacy of existing or proposed safeguards against process deviations and accident scenarios. It uses an order of magnitude approach to quantify the likelihood of causes, likelihood of failure of independent protection layers (IPLs), and estimate the consequences for chosen accident scenarios. These approximations are used to estimate the risk of a scenario.
A key to the success of LOPA is its rules for judging if protection layers are truly independent. Because of these rules, LOPA helps the analysts make consistent judgments of if the risk of scenarios are “as low as reasonably practical (ALARP)”. The cause information is based and taught on the guidelines from the AIChE/CCPS book, Layer of Protection Analysis (2001). The course covers all aspects of how to apply this very useful technique.
Workshops are used as the primary mode of teaching each aspect of LOPA. Participants will perform several complete LOPA before leaving class.
- When and how to use LOPA.
- How to identify which scenarios from a HAZOP or other qualitative analysis could benefit from LOPA
- How to systematically create risk scenarios for new processes or for existing processes under change
- How to establish risk acceptance (risk tolerance) criteria for use within your company (this is also called development of ALARP criteria) and how to depict this in a Risk Matrix or in a formula
- How to calculate "as-is" risk for a cause-consequence pair:
- How to estimate the frequency of the initiating event
- How to determine the consequence for the scenario (unmitigated) - Understand what is meant by “independence” and “uniqueness” with respect to the safeguard layers (IPLs)
- How to calculate the value of each IPL
- How to determine the risk of a LOPA scenario and how to determine how much further risk reduction (if any) is necessary
- How to use LOPA to determine the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) necessary for an instrument IPL (to comply with the requirements of IEC 61508/61511 for safety instrumented systems)
- How to document LOPA
- How other companies worldwide use LOPA to:
- Decide which PHA/HAZOP recommendations to reject and which to accept
- Focus limited resources within mechanical integrity departments and
operations on what is critical to manage risk to ALARP
- Avoid wasting resources on the added cost and unproductive sophistication
that often occurs when they instead quantify risk using QRA methods such as
fault tree and event tree analysis
- Perform specialized risk modeling for facility siting questions - Comprehensive course notebook containing
- Examples of risk acceptance and judgment protocols
- Industry examples and solutions to all LOPA workshops - Certificate of Completion
- Managers – Operations, Safety
- Project Managers
- Engineers – Process, Safety, and Mechanical
- PSM Coordinators and Managers
- Production and Instrumentation Foreman
- Area Engineers
- Senior Safety Officers
- Emergency Coordinators
- Learning objectives and goals of using the LOPA technique
- What is LOPA? How is LOPA applied?
- Terminology and definitions
- Where does LOPA fit with other hazard evaluation and risk assessment methods?
- AS/NZ Risk Management Standard 4360 :2004
- Selecting candidate scenarios from qualitative (brainstorming) hazard evaluations
- Scenarios from design questions and from incidents
- Deciding on the right cause-consequence pair to define each scenario
- Using a look-up table of consequence
- Developing a consequence look-up table for your company
- Alternative methods for estimating consequences
- Workshop : Estimating the consequence of a scenario (part of a continuing example)
- Using a look-up table of initiating event categories and frequencies
- How to develop an initiating event look-up table for your company
- Addressing enabling conditions and time-dependent initiating events
- Workshop : Estimating the frequency of an initiating event of a scenario (part of a continuing example)
- Definitions, rules, and exceptions for giving credit for an independent protection layer (IPL)
- Using a look-up table of IPL categories and probability of failure on demand (PFOD)
- How to develop an IPL look-up table for your company
- Workshop : Deciding which safeguards are valid IPLs and estimating the PFOD of the valid IPLs (part of a continuing example)
- Using a standardized LOPA worksheet
- Rules for calculating risk for an individual scenario (LOPA)
- Rules for summing risk of related scenarios (for special applications)
- Workshop 1: Calculating the risk of a LOPA scenario (part of a continuing example)
- Examples of risk tolerance criteria from the industry
- Development and implementation of a company risk tolerance criteria (and possible liability issues related to documenting a risk tolerance criteria)
- Workshop 1: Judging the risk of a LOPA scenario (part of a continuing example)
- Workshop 2: Performing a LOPA from beginning to end, given a LOPA scenario
- Workshop 3: Performing several LOPA, beginning with a set to HAZOP tables and deciding which scenarios need LOPA
- Using LOPA for facility siting questions
- Using LOPA to select the SIL for a safety interlock
- Workshop 4: Estimating the composite risk for facility siting risk assessment
Take Home:
Typical Course Candidates
This course is designed for experienced PHA/HAZOP Leaders and builds on risk judgment skills learned while doing qualitative risk reviews. However, others who do qualitative, semi-quantitative, and fully quantitative risk assessments will benefit from learning this quicker, simpler method for estimating risk. Only individuals with a strong technical background (such as engineers and scientists) should attend. Others who may benefit from this course include:
Course Outline
Day 1 (8H00 to 16H00)
Introduction to LOPA
Developing LOPA Scenarios
Estimating the Consequence of the Scenario
Estimating the Likelihood of the Selected Initiating Event
Day 2 (8H00 to 16H00)
Estimating the Probability of Failure of Independent Protection Layers
Calculating the Risk
Day 3 (8:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.)
Judging the Risk
Case Studies
Day 4 (8:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.)
Special Applications of LOPA
Planning your path forward with LOPA
Day 5
(8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.)
Additional
Emergency Preparedness and Response
More Information
Instructors:
Chris Pienaar and or Johan Taljaard will be the facilitators for this specific course. Both have taught this course many times to several participants.
Schedule Dates: 16 -20 March 2009 Kungwini Kaia Manzi- Bronkhorstspruit
This course can also be taught (either as-is or customized) at your site. Please contact iSTEC Safety for details about having our training provided at your site.
Pricing for Public Offerings (per student):
R 6 950.00 (for 5-day version) Per Participant
Registration Information: Contact: training@istecsafety.com to register for the course
Course Coordinator: Marinda Badenhorst Cell: 073 266 7626. marinda@istecsafety.com
On-site Coaching/Assistance:
Post-training, further support is available through hands-on coaching and advice.
Customisation:
The course content can be modified to match specific company requirements, by request.
Need more information please contact?
Johan Taljaard
Cell: + 27 82 897 1670
Email: info@istecsafety.com
Direct: johantaljaard@istecsafety.com
REGISTER NOW!